Electronic Multiprobe Thermometer and Multiplexer for Recording Temperatures of Microenvironments in the Forest Litter Habitat of Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Environ. Entomol. 13: 863-867 (1984) ABSTRACT' An electronic integrated-circuit thermometer with multiple probes (3 by 4 by 5 mm each) is described and was used to measure temperatures at the surface and at several depths in the forest litter of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., throughout 3 days in spring. The temperatures at the various depths were recorded on a single-pen recorder/voltmeter by meam of a multiplexing circuit which in turn connected each of four or more sensor probes to the amplifying circuit and pen recorder for a specific amount of time. This scanning time per probe can be adjusted from 1 s to about 1 h. The possible effects of temperature in the forest litter on the survival and Bight initiation of bark beetles. especially Ips typographw (L.), during their spring swarming is discussed.